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Philippine
National Standards for Drinking Water
Standard
Values for Bacteriological Quality
Standard
Value for Biological Organisms
Standard
Values for Physical and Chemical Quality:
Health Significance
Standard
Values for Physical and Chemical Quality: Aesthetic Quality
Standard
Values for Disinfectants and Disinfectant By-Products
Chemicals
of No Health Significance at Concentrations Normally Found in
Drinking Water
Standard Values for Radiological
Constituents
Sampling Methods, Preservation
and Analysis
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Standard Values for Bacteriological Quality |
| |
| Source
and mode of supply |
Bacteria |
Standard
value
(No./100ml) |
| |
a. All drinking-water
supply
under all circumstances
(Level l, ll,lll, Bottled water
and Emergency Water
Supplies) |
E. Coli or
Thermotolerant
(fecal) coliform
bacteria |
0 |
| |
b. Treated water entering
the
distribution system |
E. Coli or
Thermotolerant
(fecal) coliform
bacteria |
0 |
| |
c. Treated water in
the
distribution system. |
E. Coli or
Thermotolerant
(fecal) coliform
bacteria |
0 |
| |
|
Total Coliforms |
must not be detectable in any 100
ml sample. In case of large quantities where sufficient samples
are examined, it must not be present in 95% of samples taken throughout
any 12-month period |
|
| Standard
Value for Biological Organisms |
| |
|
| Constituent |
Permissible
limit |
Total count/ml
|
10
|
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|
Standard
Values for Physical and Chemical Quality:
Health Significance
|
| |
| A.
Inorganic Constituents |
|
Constituent
|
Maximum
Level (mg/L)
|
|
|
|
Antimony
|
0.005
|
|
Arsenic
|
0.01
|
|
Barium
|
0.7
|
|
Boron
|
0.3
|
|
Cadmium
|
0.003
|
|
Chromium
|
0.05
|
|
Cyanide
|
0.07
|
|
Flouride
|
1.0
|
|
Lead
|
0.01
|
|
Mercury (total)
|
0.001
|
|
Nitrate as NO3-
|
50
|
|
Nitrite as NO
2-
|
3
|
|
Selenium
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
B.
Organic Constituents (Pesticides)
|
| Constituent |
Maximum
Level (ug/L) |
|
| Aldrin & Dieldrin |
0.03 |
| Chlordane |
0.2 |
| DDT |
2 |
| Endrin |
0.2 |
| Heptachlor and |
0.03 |
| Heptachlor epoxide |
|
| Lindane |
2 |
| Methoxychlor |
20 |
| Petroleum oils &
grease |
nil |
| Toxyphane |
5 |
| 2,4 - D |
30 |
| 2,4,5 - T |
9 |
| |
| Standard
Values for Physical and Chemical Quality: Aesthetic Quality |
| |
|
| Constituent
or Characteristic |
Maximum
Level (mg/L) |
|
| Taste |
Unobjectionable |
| Odor |
Unobjectionable |
| Color |
5 TCU |
| Turbidity |
5 TCU |
| Aluminum |
0.2 |
| Chloride |
250 |
| Copper |
1 |
| Hardness |
300 (as CaCO3)* |
| Hydrogen
Sulfide |
0.05 |
| Iron |
1 |
| Manganese |
0.5 |
| pH |
6.5 - 8.5 |
| Sodium |
200* |
| Sulfate |
250 |
| Total
Dissolved Solids |
500 |
| Zinc |
5* |
| |
| *
Secondary standards; compliance with the standard and analysis
are not obligatory. |
| References:
WHO guidelines for DWQ, 1984; Revision of WHO guidelines for
DWQ, 1993. |
| |
|
| Standard
Values for Disinfectants and Disinfectant By-Products |
|
| Constituents |
Maximum
Level (mg/L) |
|
|
| a.
Disinfectant |
0.2 - 0.5 |
| Chlorine
(residual) |
|
|
| b.
Disinfectant By-products |
|
| Bromate |
0.025 |
| Chlorite |
0.2 |
| 2,4,6
trichlorophenol |
0.2 |
| Formaldehyde |
0.9 |
| Phenolic
substances |
0.001 |
| Bromoform |
0.1 |
| Dibromochloromethane |
0.1 |
| Bromodichloromethane |
0.06 |
| Chloroform |
0.2 |
|
| |
| |
Chemicals
of No Health Significance at Concentrations
Normally Found in Drinking Water |
|
|
Asbestos
Silver
Tin
|
In accordance with
the findings of WHO, the
Department of Health does not prescribe
any standard values for these compounds
since they are not hazardous
to human health at concentrations
normally found in drinking-water. |
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|
| Standard
Values for Radiological Constituents |
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|
| Constituents
|
Activity
Level (Bq/L) |
|
|
|
|
| gross alpha activity
|
0.1 |
| gross beta activity |
1 |
|
| The
foregoing standard values are derived from the WHO Guidelines
for Drinking Water
Quality of 1993 which are based on and reflect the latest
available scientific facts, knowledge and experience worldwide.
An abridged summary of the evidence used in setting guideline
values and the respective standards above is presented in
Annex 1. |
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| Table
3.2 Methods of Sampling for Drinking Water Supply System |
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|
Source and
Mode
of Supply
|
Procedure
of Sampling
|
Location of
Sampling Points
|
Sample
Volume
|
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| LEVEL
I |
Pump water
to waste for
two (2) minutes to remove
water in the water column.
Then flame the mouth of pump before taking sample (optional). |
Sample
is taken directly
at the mouth of the pump. |
The volume
of the sample should not be less than 100 mL. |
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| LEVEL
II |
Allow
water to waste
for at least one (1)minute.
Flame the tap before sample
is taken (optional). |
Sample
is taken from the farthest standpipe and
at the entering point of the
distribution system. |
The volume
of the sample should not be less than 100mL. |
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| LEVEL
III |
Remove
any filters (rubber or plastic) and allow water to run
to waste for at least one (1) minute.Flame the tap before
the sample is taken (optional). |
Sample
is taken from the
source of the distribution
system and taps at
strategic sampling points within the distribution network. |
The volume
of the sample should not be less than 100mL. |
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| BOTTLED
DRINKING WATER |
Same procedure
as
for samples taken
from the source. |
Sample
is taken from manufacturer's stock and outlets. |
The volume
of the sample should not be less than 100mL. |
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| EMERGENCY
SUPPLY OF DRINKING WATER |
|
Sample
is taken at
storage containers
and mobile tankers before being served to end-users. |
The volume
of the sample should not be less than 100mL. |
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Table
5.1 Recommendation for Sampling, Preservation
and Method of Analysis of Samples According to Parameter |
|
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|
Parameter
|
Container
Plastic/
Glass
|
Mode
of
Preservation
|
Holding
Time Rec./Req.+
|
Minimum
Sample (mL)
|
Method
of
Analysis*
|
|
|
|
| Temperature |
P, G |
Analyze Immediately |
stat/stat |
- |
Thermometer |
| |
Threshold
odour |
G |
Analyze as
soon as possible;
Refrigerate |
6 h/ N.S. |
500 |
Sensory Test |
|
| Color |
P, G |
Refrigerate |
48 h/ 48 h |
500 |
Visual |
|
| Turbidity |
P, G |
Analyze same
day;
store in the dark up to
24 h, refrigerate |
24 h/ 48 h |
- |
Nephelometric
comparison |
|
| Aluminum |
|
|
|
|
AAS |
|
| pH Value |
P, G |
Analyze immediately |
2 h/stat |
- |
Electrode |
|
| Salinity |
G,
Waxseal |
Analyze immediately
or use wax seal |
6 months/
N.S. |
240 |
Salinometer |
|
| Acidity |
P, G(B) |
Refrigerate |
24 h/14 d |
100 |
Titration |
|
| Alkalinity |
P,G |
Refrigerate |
24 h/14 d |
200 |
Titration |
|
| Hardness |
P, G |
Add HNO3 to
pH<2 |
6 months/
6 months |
100 |
EDTA titration |
|
Chlorine
residual |
P, G |
Analyze immediately |
0.5 h/ stat |
500 |
Visual/ color
comparison |
|
| Cyanide |
P, G |
Add NaOH to
pH>12; Refrigerate
in dark |
24 h/14d;
24 h if sulfide
present |
500 |
Ion Specific
Electrode |
|
| Nitrogen |
|
|
|
|
Colorimetric |
|
| Ammonia |
P, G |
Analyze as
soon as possible
or add H2SO4 to
pH<2; Refrigerate |
7 d/ 28 d |
500 |
1. Indophenol
2. Phenate |
|
|
Parameter
|
Container
Plastic/
Glass
|
Mode
of
Preservation
|
Holding
Time Rec./Req.+
|
Minimum
Sample (mL)
|
Method
of
Analysis*
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Total
Nitrogen |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
| Nitrate |
P, G |
Analyze
as soon as possible
or refrigerate
sample |
48 h/48
h
28 d for chlorinated |
100 |
a.Colorimetric
1.Brucine
2.Cadmium
Reduction
b. IC |
|
| Nitrite |
P, G |
Analyze
as soon as
possible or
refrigerate |
none/
48 h |
100 |
a.Colorimetric
b.
IC |
|
| Nitrate+Nitrite |
P, G |
Add H2SO4
to pH>2, Refrigerate |
none/
48 h |
200 |
a.Colorimetric
b.
IC |
|
| Oil and
Grease |
G, wide
mouth calibrated |
Add H2SO4
to pH>2, Refrigerate |
*/28 d/28
d |
1000 |
Gravimetric |
|
| Phenols |
P, G |
Add H2SO4
to pH>2,
Refrigerate |
*/28 d |
500 |
1. Direct
Photometric
2. Chloroform
Extraction
Method
3. GC |
|
| Phosphate |
G(A) |
For dissolved
phosphate
filter
immediately; Refrigerate |
48 h/N.S. |
100 |
Colorimetric
1. Ascorbic
Acid
2.
Stannous
Chloride |
|
| Chloride |
P, G |
Refrigerate |
1 week |
- |
1. Argento-metric
2. IC |
|
| Flouride |
P |
None required |
28 d/28
d |
300 |
1. Ion
Specific
Electrode
2. IC |
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|
Parameter
|
Container
Plastic/
Glass
|
Mode
of
Preservation
|
Holding
Time Rec./Req.+
|
Minimum
Sample (mL)
|
Method
of
Analysis*
|
|
| Metals
Dissolved) Suspended) Total) |
P(A),
G(A) |
For
dissolved
metals filter immediately,
add HNO3 to
pH<2 |
6
months/ 6 months/ |
- |
AAS |
|
| Solid
, Total dissolved |
|
|
|
|
Gravemetric |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Silica |
P |
Refrigerate,
do
not freeze |
28
d/28 d |
- |
Gravemetric |
|
| Sulfate |
P,
G |
Refrigerate |
28
d/28 d |
- |
1.
Turbidi- metric
2. IC |
|
| Arsenic |
|
|
|
|
AAS |
| Selenium |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mercury |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Boron |
P |
None
required |
28
d/6 mos. |
100 |
Carmine |
|
*
-See text (Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water andWastewater, 1989, 17th Edition).
+Environmental Protection Agency, Rules & Regulation.Federal
Register; No. 209, October 26, 1984. See this
citation for possible differences regarding container
and preservation requirements. |
| P
-Plastic (polyethylene or equivalent) |
| G
-Glass |
| P(A)
-Rinsed with 1 + 1 HNO |
| G(A)
-Rinsed with 1 + 1 HNO |
| G(B)
-Glass, borosilicate |
| G(S)
-Glass, rinsed with organic solvents |
| N.S.
-Not stated in cited refence |
| Stat
-No storage allowed;analyze immediately |
| AAS
-Atomic Absorption Spectrometer |
| IC
-Ion Chromatograph |
| GC
-Gas Chromatograph |
|
| NOTE:
If samples cannot be returned to the laboratory
in less than 6 hours and holding time exceeds
this limit, the final reported data should indicate
the actual holding time. |
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